![]() ![]() While PDF is widely supported and does a good job of rendering visible content as the author intended, it is extremely difficult for computers to process reliably in order to extract the invoicing data. In technical terms a ZUGFeRD document is a PDF file with an embedded XML file which contains the machine-readable structured data. ![]() The goal is to deliver human-readable invoices which can also be processed quickly and accurately by computerised systems to reduce the costs of invoicing and improve accounting efficiency. There is a de facto identical French e-invoice format called Factur-X and both are intended (with version 2.0 at least) to be consistent with the EU /2014 /55 directive and the EN 16931 standard for electronic invoicing in the EU. ZUGFeRD is an acronym, the original name is Zentraler User Guide des Forums elektronische Rechnung Deutschland (or Central User Guide for Electronic Invoicing in Germany, for those of us who don’t speak German), and describes a system for electronic invoicing originally developed for use in Germany.
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